Other heart defects can be just as severe as these seven and also require treatment soon after birth. Pulse oximetry screening is most likely to detect seven of the critical CHDs. These seven defects are hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus. Screening is done when a baby is at least 24 hours of age, or as late as possible if the baby is to be discharged from the hospital before he or she is 24 hours of age. Pulse oximetry screening, therefore, should be used along with the physical examination. Pulse oximetry screening does not replace a complete history and physical examination, which sometimes can detect a critical CHD before oxygen levels in the blood become low. The test is painless and takes only a few minutes. The test is done using a machine called a pulse oximeter, with sensors placed on the baby’s skin. Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a critical CHD. This test estimates the amount of oxygen in a baby’s blood. Newborn screening for critical CHDs involves a simple bedside test called pulse oximetry. How Newborn Screening for Critical CHDs is Done Timely care may prevent disability or death early in life. Newborn screening is a tool that can identify some of these babies so they can receive prompt care and treatment. These babies are at risk of having serious complications within the first few days or weeks of life, and often require emergency care. Some babies born with a critical CHD appear healthy at first, and they may be sent home before their heart defect is detected. In these cases, heart defects may be detected at birth or as the child ages. However, some heart defects are not found during pregnancy. Some CHDs may be diagnosed during pregnancy using a special type of ultrasound called a fetal echocardiogram, which creates pictures of the heart of the developing baby. Truncus arteriosus Importance of Newborn Screening for Critical CHDs
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February 2023
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